Ukuya kuthi ga kuma-40 epesenti yesityalo semifuno sinokumoshakala ngenxa yeemfuno zobuhle kwezinye iivenkile ezinkulu.Ngelixa imifuno eyiwonky isenokungabi ngowona mhle ubonwayo, inesondlo esifanayo neso esilingana ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ukuthwala umonakalo womphezulu kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwiispalini kwiindlela zomdyarho, ukunxitywa kokuthanjiswa okungasebenziyo, ukubola ngenxa yeekhemikhali eziqatha ukuya kwiimpawu zobuxoki ezibangelwa kukungcangcazela okumileyo.Ngelixa ukucinezeleka komphezulu kunokubangela iimpawu eziyingxaki ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukwanda kwamanqanaba engxolo, ukungcangcazela okwandisiweyo okanye ukunyakaza kwe-shaft okugqithisileyo, ayizizo zonke iziphene zokuthwala zangaphandle ezibonisa ukonakala komatshini wangaphakathi.

Umhlwa yinto eyenzeka ngokwendalo kwaye luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuthwala umonakalo ophezu kolwandle ekufuneka abaphathi bemizi-mveliso ye-oyile nerhasi bajongane nayo.Kukho iindlela ezilishumi eziphambili zomhlwa, kodwa ukuzala kwe-corrosion kudla ngokuwela kwiindidi ezimbini ezibanzi - ukubola kokunyakama okanye i-frictional corrosion.Eyangaphambili yindawo ethe ngqo, kodwa inokuvela kuyo nayiphi na icandelo lokuthwala, idala umaleko othusayo we-oxide ngenxa yokusabela kweekhemikhali ngomphezulu wesinyithi.

Umzekelo, kwimigodi engaselunxwemeni, iibheringi zihlala zisesichengeni sokufuma okanye ialkalinity ethambileyo ngenxa yokunxibelelana namanzi olwandle.Ukonakala okungephi kunokubangela amabala alula kumphezulu, kodwa kwiimeko ezimandundu, kunokukhokelela ekubaleni kumphezulu webheringi, oko kukhokelela ekubeni kungene amathanda ezinto ezirusayo.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-corrosion iyaziwa ngokuba lutshaba lwendalo lweebheringi.

Umhlwa ayisothusi nje ngembonakalo;inokuchaphazela kakhulu imali yeshishini.Ngokophononongo lwe-IMPACT olwenziwe nguI-NACE yamazwe ngamazwe, umbutho okhokelayo kwihlabathi wokulawula umhlwa, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-15-35 pesenti yomhlwa yonyaka ibinokusindiswa ukuba bekulandelwa iindlela zokulawula umhlwa.Oku kulingana nokonga phakathi kwe-US$375 kunye ne-875 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka kwihlabathi jikelele.

Lutshaba?

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungahoyi ukubaluleka kweendleko zokuhlwa, nangona kunjalo ukumelana nomhlwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kunye nezinye iimfuno zokusebenza ezifana nokuthwala ixesha elide kunye nomthwalo.

Khawuqwalasele oku njengomzekelo.Umatshini wokugrumba kufuneka usebenze ngokuchanekileyo kodwa kufuneka usebenze kwiimeko zokungaxoleli.Ngenxa yokusingqongileyo okugqithisileyo kweoyile nerhasi, iibheringi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa ziya kucetyiswa.Ukuba injineli yoyilo ibinokukhetha i-bearings ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala eyenziwe kwi-polyether ether ketone (PEEK), oku kuya kumisa ukubola kwiindlela zayo, kodwa ukuchaneka komatshini kuya kuphazamiseka.Kulo mzekelo ukukhetha ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwentsimbi engenastainless kunye nokungqukuva okuphezulu ngelixa ukuvumela umhlwa ongaphezulu kunokukhethwa.

Xa uvavanya ukufaneleka kunye nomgangatho weebheringi, kubalulekile ukujonga ngaphaya kobuhle bangaphandle.Ulawulo lomhlwa yimfuno enye yokusebenza, engahambelaniyo nokusebenza kakubi okanye kuchaphazele ukuqengqeleka kwangaphakathi kwebheringi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esifanelekileyo sikhethiwe linyathelo lokuqala - kwaye oku kunyanzelekile kubo bobabini oomatshini abakhulu kunye nezinto ezincinci, ezinje ngeebheringi.Ngethamsanqa, abaphathi bamaziko aphesheya kolwandle banokulinganisa iimfuno zabo zoyilo kwaye banokukhetha ukulwa nokubola kwinqanaba loyilo.Nazi iindlela ezintathu zokulawula umhlwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

A-Ukhetho lwezinto

Insimbi engenasici yolona khetho lucacileyo lokumelana nokugqwala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-oyile kunye negesi elingaphesheya.Ikwanazo nezinye iimpawu eziluncedo ezifana nokuqina kunye nokumelana nobushushu.Imigangatho ye-440 yeebheringi zensimbi ezingenasici zinokumelana okulungileyo kwiindawo ezimanzi kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezifana neshishini lokutya kunye nesiselo.Nangona kunjalo, imigangatho ye-440 yeebheringi zensimbi ezingenasici zinokumelana okulambathayo kumanzi anetyuwa kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi ezinamandla, ngoko ke kwiimeko ezinzima ze-offshore 316 insimbi engenasici inokuqwalaselwa.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-316 insimbi engenasici ayinako ukuqina kwe-thermal, iibheringi ze-316 zifanelekile kuphela kumthwalo ophantsi kunye nezicelo zesantya esiphantsi.Ukuxhathisa kwazo kumhlwa kokona kulungileyo xa kukho unikezelo olwaneleyo lweoksijini ngoko ke ezi bheringi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngaphezu komgca wamanzi, kumanzi olwandle aqukuqelayo okanye apho iibheringi zinokukhukuliseka emva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini olwandle.

Olunye ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo luyi-ceramic.Iibheringi ze-ceramic ezigcweleyo ezenziwe kwi-zirconia okanye i-silicon nitride ezineekheji ze-PEEK zinokubonelela namanqanaba aphezulu okumelana nomhlwa kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuntywila ngokupheleleyo.Ngokufanayo, iibheringi zeplastiki, ezinentsimbi engama-316 okanye iibhola zeglasi, zibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwesa.Ezi zihlala zenziwe kwi-acetal resin (POM) kodwa ezinye izinto zifumaneka kwii-acids ezinamandla kunye ne-alkali ezifana ne-PEEK, i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kunye ne-polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF.Njengeebheringi zebakala le-316, ezi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela kumthwalo ophantsi kunye nezicelo ezichanekileyo ezisezantsi.

Elinye inqanaba lesikrweqe esichasene ne-corrosion, yingubo yokukhusela.I-Chromium kunye ne-nickel plating zinika ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuhlwa kwiindawo ezinobume obuphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, ii-coatings ekugqibeleni ziya kwahlula kwi-bearing kwaye zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo.Olu ayisilolona khetho lusebenzayo kwizicelo zaphesheya.

B-Izithambiso

I-lubricant inika ifilimu encinci phakathi kweendawo zoqhagamshelwano kwi-bearing ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana, ukutshabalalisa ubushushu kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwiibhola kunye ne-raceways.Uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nomgangatho wokuthambisa zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinempembelelo malunga nokuba unxunguphalo lomphezulu luyakwenzeka na okanye hayi.

Ukukhetha imiba ye-lubricant echanekileyo.Kwimeko apho ukonakala okungaphezulu kunokuthi kwenzeke ngaphandle kwebheringi, akufuneki kuvunyelwe ukuba kwenzeke ngaphakathi.Iibheringi ze-SMB zinokubonelela ngeebheringi ezitywiniweyo kunye negrisi ezingenamanzi eziqulethe i-corrosion inhibitors.Ezi zithambiso zikhusela umphezulu wangaphakathi wokuthwala kwaye zinokudityaniswa nemeko ethile yesicelo se-offshore.Iibheringi zeceramic ezigcweleyo zicaciswa ubukhulu becala ngaphandle kokuthambisa kodwa zinokuthanjiswa ngegrisi engenamanzi ubomi obude.

C-Seals

Kwiindawo ezinzima, ukhuseleko longcoliseko lubaluleke kakhulu, ke ukukhetha isitywina soqhagamshelwano kulungile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliseko alungeni kwibheringi.Kwizixhobo ezinokuthi zivelele kumswakama, isitywina soqhagamshelwano siya kunika ukwanda kokumelana kwamanzi.Oku kuya kumisa ukuhlamba igrisi ngaphandle kwebherethi, ukuvumela ukuba yenze umsebenzi wayo ekuthambiseni nasekukhuseleni iindawo zangaphakathi zokuthwala.Olunye ukhetho lukhuselo lwentsimbi kodwa oku kunika ukhuseleko oluncitshisiweyo kakhulu kumswakama.

Ngokuvavanya imeko-bume yokusebenza, ubomi obude obufunekayo kunye nemithwalo eya kufakwa ekuthwaleni, eyona nto inokuthi ithwale inokuba 'yimifuno enqabileyo' ethobekileyo kwaye ingeyiyo ehlala ikhangeleka ithandeka ixesha elide.Ngokuthathela ingqalelo iimeko ezigcweleyo zokusingqongileyo zokusingqongileyo, iinjineli zoyilo zinokulinganisa ukuba ukukhetha ukuyilwa koyilo lokulawula ukubola kuya kuba yeyona nto isebenzayo, ukonyusa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza komatshini.