Ukonyuka kwemfuno yokuphucula ukuthembeka kulo lonke ishishini kuthetha ukuba iinjineli kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo onke amacandelo ezixhobo zabo.Iinkqubo zokuthwala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumatshini kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwazo kunokuba nemiphumo eyintlekele kunye neendleko.Uyilo oluthweleyo lunempembelelo enkulu ekuthembekeni, ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo ezibandakanya ukushisa okuphezulu okanye okuphantsi, i-vacuum kunye ne-corrosive atmospheres.Eli nqaku lichaza iingqwalasela ekufuneka zithathwe xa kuchazwa iibheringi zeendawo ezinomngeni, ngoko ke iinjineli zinokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kobomi obude bezixhobo zabo.

Inkqubo yokuthwala iquka izinto ezininzi ezibandakanya iibhola, imisesane, iikheji kunye nokuthambisa umzekelo.Iibheringi ezisemgangathweni aziqheleki ukumelana nobunzima bemekobume erhabaxa kwaye ke ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zilubrication, imathiriyeli, kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo lobushushu okanye iingubo kwaye ngokujonga into nganye ithetha ukuba iibheringi zinokulungiswa kakuhle kwisicelo.

Ukusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu

Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu, obufana nezo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-actuation ngaphakathi kwishishini le-aerospace inokubonisa imingeni yeebheringi eziqhelekileyo.Ngaphaya koko, amaqondo obushushu ayenyuka kwisixhobo njengoko iiyunithi zisiya zisiba ncinci kwaye zinyuse uxinano lwamandla, kwaye oku kubangela umba wokuthwala okuphakathi.

Ukuthambisa

Ukuthambisa yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo apha.Ioyile kunye negrisi zinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza ngelo xesha ziya kuthi ziqale ukuthotywa kwaye zibe ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza zikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kokuthwala.Iigrisi eziqhelekileyo zikholisa ukulinganiselwa kubushushu obuphezulu obumalunga ne-120°C kwaye amanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqhelekileyo ayakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-180°C.

Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu nangaphezulu, iigrisi zokuthambisa ezinefluorinated ziyafumaneka kwaye amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-250°C ayafikeleleka.Apho ulwelo lokuthambisa lungenakwenzeka, ukuthambisa okuqinileyo lukhetho oluvumela isantya esisezantsi ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu nangaphezulu.Kule meko i-molybdenum disulphide (MOS2), i-tungsten disulphide (WS2), igraphite okanye i-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) iyacetyiswa njengezithambiso eziqinileyo njengoko zikwazi ukunyamezela amaqondo aphezulu kakhulu ixesha elide.

Izinto eziphathekayo

Xa kufikwa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-300 ° C umsesane okhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zebhola ziyimfuneko.I-AISI M50 yintsimbi yokushisa ephezulu ekhuthazwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko ibonisa ukunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokukhathala kumaqondo aphezulu.I-BG42 yenye insimbi yobushushu obuphezulu obunobulukhuni obuhle obushushu kwi-300 ° C kwaye ichazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kuba inamazinga aphezulu okumelana nokubola kwaye ayifuni ukudinwa kwaye inxibe kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo.

Iikheji eziphezulu zokushisa nazo ziyafuneka kwaye zinokubonelelwa kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zepolymer ezibandakanya i-PTFE, i-Polyimide, i-Polyamide-imide (PAI) kunye ne-Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).Kwiqondo eliphezulu le-oyile ye-lubricated systems ezithwele iikheji nazo zinokuveliswa ngobhedu, ubhedu okanye intsimbi ecwecwe ngesilivere.

Iingubo kunye nonyango lokushisa

Iingubo eziphezulu kunye nonyango oluphezulu lunokusetyenziswa kwiibheringi zokulwa nokungqubuzana, ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokunciphisa ukugqoka, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokuthwala kumaqondo aphezulu.Ngokomzekelo, iikheji zensimbi zinokugqithwa ngesilivere ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.Kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kwe-lubricant / indlala, i-silver-plating isebenza njenge-lubricant eqinile, evumela ukuba i-bearing iqhubeke isebenza ixesha elifutshane okanye kwimeko engxamisekileyo.

Ukuthembeka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi

Kwelinye icala lesikali, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokuba yingxaki kwiibheringi eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuthambisa

Kwizicelo zobushushu obuphantsi, umzekelo izicelo zokumpompa ze-cryogenic ezinamaqondo obushushu kummandla we-190°C, ukuthanjiswa kwe-oyile kuba yi-waxy kubangele ukusilela.Ukuthambisa okuqinileyo okufana ne-MOS2 okanye i-WS2 kukulungele ukuphucula ukuthembeka.Ngaphezu koko, kwezi zicelo, i-media impontshwayo inokusebenza njenge-lubricant, ngoko ke iibheringi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukuze zisebenze kula maqondo obushushu aphantsi usebenzisa izinto ezisebenza kakuhle kunye neendaba.

Izinto eziphathekayo

Enye imathiriyeli enokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubomi bokudinwa kwebheringi kunye nokunganyangeki kokunxiba yi-SV30® – i-martensitic through-hardened, high nitrogen, corrosion-resistant steel.Iibhola zeCeramic nazo ziyacetyiswa njengoko zihambisa ukusebenza okuphezulu.Iipropathi zendalo zoomatshini zemathiriyeli zithetha ukuba zibonelela ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwiimeko zokuthambisa ezisezantsi, kwaye ikufanele kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Izinto zekheji kufuneka zikhethwe ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nokunxitywa kwaye iinketho ezilungileyo apha ziquka i-PEEK, i-Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) kunye neeplastiki ze-PAI.

Unyango lobushushu

Iringi kufuneka ziphathwe ubushushu obukhethekileyo ukuphucula uzinzo lwe-dimensional kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Uyilo lwangaphakathi

Olunye uqwalaselo lokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi luyilo lwangaphakathi lwebheringi.Iibheringi zenzelwe inqanaba lokudlala kweradial, kodwa njengoko ubushushu buyancipha, izinto ezithwalayo zingena kwi-contraction ye-thermal kwaye ubungakanani bomdlalo weradial uyancitshiswa.Ukuba umgangatho womdlalo weradial wehla ube ngu-zero ngexesha lokusebenza oku kuya kubangela ukusilela ekuthwaleni.Iibheringi ezijoliswe kwizicelo zeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kufuneka ziyilwe ngokudlala kwe-radial ngaphezulu kumaqondo obushushu begumbi ukuvumela inqanaba elamkelekileyo lokudlala i-radial kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Ukuphatha uxinzelelo lwevacuum

Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-vacuum ezifana nezo zikhoyo kwi-electronics yokuvelisa, i-semiconductors kunye ne-LCDs, uxinzelelo lunokuba ngaphantsi kwe-10-7mbar.Iibheringi zevacuum eziphezulu kakhulu ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwindawo yokuvelisa.Olunye usetyenziso lwevacuum oluqhelekileyo ziimpompo ze-turbomolecular (TMP) ezivelisa indawo yokucoca indawo yokuvelisa.Kwesi sicelo sokugqibela iibheringi zihlala zifunwa ukuba zisebenze ngesantya esiphezulu.

Ukuthambisa

Ukuthambisa kwezi meko kubalulekile.Kwezo vacuum ziphezulu ngolo hlobo, iigrisi zokuthambisa ezisemgangathweni ziyajika zibe ngumphunga kwaye ziphinde ziphume, kwaye ukunqongophala kokuthambisa okusebenzayo kunokubangela ukusilela.Ke ngoko kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-lubrication ekhethekileyo.Kwiimekobume zofunxa eziphezulu (ukuhla ukuya malunga ne-10-7 mbar) iigrisi ze-PFPE zinokusetyenziswa njengoko zinokuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu ukuba zibe ngumphunga.Kwiindawo ze-vacuum eziphezulu kakhulu (i-10-9mbar nangaphantsi) izithambiso eziqinileyo kunye neengubo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.

Kwiindawo ze-vacuum ephakathi (malunga ne-10-2mbar), ngoyilo olunyamekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwegrisi ekhethekileyo ye-vacuum, iisistim zokuthwala ezihambisa ixesha elide lobomi ngaphezu kweeyure ze-40,000 (malunga ne-5 iminyaka) yokusetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye isebenze ngesantya esiphezulu, ingaba yimpumelelo.

Ukuxhathisa umhlwa

Iibheringi ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwindawo enomhlwa kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukodwa njengoko zinokuthi zibe sesichengeni kwiiasidi, iialkali namanzi anetyuwa phakathi kwezinye iikhemikhali ezitshabalalisayo.

Izinto eziphathekayo

Izixhobo zibalulekile ekuqwalaselweni kwemekobume eyonakalisayo.Iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ezithweleyo zikhawuleza zidle, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaphumelelini kokuthwala kwangaphambili.Kule meko, izinto ze-SV30 zeringi kunye neebhola ze-ceramic kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengoko zixhathisa kakhulu kwi-corrosion.Ngapha koko, uphononongo lubonise ukuba imathiriyeli ye-SV30 ingahlala amaxesha amaninzi ixesha elide kunezinye intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka kwindawo yokutshiza ityuwa.Kwiimvavanyo ezilawulwayo zetyuwa-spray i-SV30 yentsimbi ibonisa kuphela iimpawu ezincinci zokubola emva kweeyure ze-1,000 zovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa (jonga igrafu 1) kunye ne-SV30 yokumelana nokubola okuphezulu kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimisesane yovavanyo.Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zebhola yeceramic ezifana neZirconia kunye neSilicon Carbide nazo zinokusetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukunyathela kwebearingi kwizinto ezidlekayo.

Ukufumana ngaphezulu kokuthambisa kwimidiya

Indawo yokugqibela ecela umngeni kukusetyenziswa apho ijelo leendaba lisebenza njenge-lubricant, umzekelo iifriji, amanzi, okanye ulwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi.Kuzo zonke ezi zicelo izinto ezibonakalayo zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye i-SV30 - iibheringi ze-ceramic hybrid ziye zafunyanwa zisoloko zibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesithembekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Iimeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo zinika imingeni emininzi yokusebenza kwiibheringi ezisemgangathweni, ngaloo ndlela zibangela ukuba basilele kwangethuba.Kwezi zicelo iibheringi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ukuze zilungele injongo kwaye zinikeze ukusebenza okugqwesileyo okuhlala ixesha elide.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kweebheringi ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-lubrication, izinto eziphathekayo, ukugquma komhlaba kunye nonyango lokushisa.