Iinjini zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla - apho sihlala khona, sisebenza kwaye sidlala.Ukubeka nje, benza phantse yonke into ehambayo, ishukume.Phantse i-70 pesenti yombane osetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso usetyenziswa ziinkqubo zeemoto zombane.1

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zeemoto zemizi-mveliso ezisebenzayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iimpompo, iifeni kunye neecompressor, udidi loomatshini oluchanabeka kakhulu kuphuculo olukhulu lwe2.Ezi zicelo zihlala zisebenza ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, ngalo lonke ixesha, naxa kungafunekiyo.Lo msebenzi ungaguqukiyo uchitha amandla kwaye uvelise ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngokungeyomfuneko, kodwa ngokulawula isantya semoto, sinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Enye indlela yokulawula isantya semoto kukusebenzisa i-variable speed drive (VSD), isixhobo esilawula isantya sokujikeleza kwemoto yombane ngokutshintsha amaza kunye namandla ombane anikezelweyo kwimoto.Ngokulawula isantya semoto, idrive inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (umzekelo, ukunciphisa isantya sesixhobo esijikelezayo ngeepesenti ezingama-20 kunokunciphisa iimfuno zamandla okufakwayo malunga neepesenti ezingama-50) kwaye ibonelele ngophuculo olukhulu kulawulo lwenkqubo kunye neendleko ezibalulekileyo zokonga ubomi bonke. I-moAs iluncedo njengoko ii-VSD zezokugcina amandla kwizicelo ezininzi, zinokubangela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha ukuba azisekelwanga kakuhle.Ngelixa kukho izizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokungaphumeleli kweemoto zombane, owona mba uxhaphakileyo xa usebenzisa idrive kukungaphumeleli okubangelwa kumbane wemowudi eqhelekileyo.

Umonakalo obangelwa kumbane wemowudi eqhelekileyo

Kwinqanaba lesithathu lenkqubo ye-AC, i-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo inokuchazwa njengokungalingani okukhoyo phakathi kwezigaba ezithathu ezidalwe yi-pulse wide modulated power of drive, okanye umahluko wombane phakathi komthombo wamandla omhlaba kunye nendawo engathathi hlangothi ye-three-- umthwalo wesigaba.Lo mbane uguquguqukayo wemowudi eqhelekileyo ngokwe-electrostatically ungenisa i-voltage kwishafti yemoto, kwaye lo mbane we-shaft unokuphuma kwii-windings okanye ngeebheringi.Uyilo lobunjineli bale mihla, ukugquma kwesigaba kunye ne-inverter spike-resistant ngocingo lunokunceda ukukhusela amajiko;nangona kunjalo, xa i-rotor ibona i-buildup of spikes voltage, okwangoku ifuna indlela yokuncinci ukumelana nomhlaba.Kwimeko yemoto yombane, le ndlela ihamba ngokuthe ngqo kwiibheringi.

Kuba iibheringi zeemoto zisebenzisa igrisi ukuthambisa, ioyile ekwigrisi yenza ifilimu esebenza njengedielectric, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokuhambisa amandla ombane ngaphandle kokuqhutywa.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le dielectric iyancipha.Ngaphandle kweepropathi ze-insulation zegrisi, i-voltage ye-shaft iya kukhupha ngeebheringi, emva koko ngendlu yemoto, ukuphumeza umhlaba wombane.Le ntshukumo yangoku yombane ibangela i-arcing kwi-bearings, ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrical discharge machining (EDM).Njengoko olu gqolo luqhubekayo lwenzeka ekuhambeni kwexesha, iindawo ezingaphezulu kumdyarho wokuthwala ziba brittle, kwaye amaqhekeza amancinane esinyithi anokwaphuka ngaphakathi kwibheringi.Ekugqibeleni, izinto ezonakalisiweyo zisebenza phakathi kweebhola zebheringi kunye neentlanga, ezibangela umphumo wokugaya, onokuthi uvelise i-micron-sized pitting, ebizwa ngokuba yi-frosting, okanye i-washboard-like ridges kwi-bearing raceway, ebizwa ngokuba yi-fluting.

Ezinye iinjini zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza njengoko umonakalo usiya usiba mbi ngakumbi, ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na imiba ebonakalayo.Uphawu lokuqala lokuthwala umonakalo ngokuqhelekileyo luyingxolo evakalayo, ngenxa yokuthwala iibhola ezihamba phezu kweendawo ezinqabileyo kunye neqhwa.Kodwa ngexesha le ngxolo isenzeka, umonakalo udla ngokuba mkhulu kangangokuba ukusilela kuye kusondele.

Isekelwe kuthintelo

Usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso alufumani bunzima kwiinjini zesantya esiguquguqukayo, kodwa kolunye ufakelo, olufana nezakhiwo zorhwebo kunye nokuphatha imithwalo yesikhululo seenqwelomoya, ukubekwa komhlaba owomeleleyo akusoloko kufumaneka.Kwezi meko, enye indlela kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuphambukisa lo wangoku kude neebheringi.Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo kukongeza isixhobo sokumisa i-shaft kwelinye icala le-motor shaft, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho i-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo inokuxhaphaka kakhulu.Umhlaba we-shaft ngokuyimfuneko yindlela yokudibanisa i-rotor ejikayo yemoto kumhlaba womhlaba ngesakhelo senjini.Ukongeza isixhobo sokumisa i-shaft kwi-motor phambi kokufakwa (okanye ukuthenga i-motor enenye efakwe ngaphambili) inokuba lixabiso elincinci ukuhlawula xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lethegi yeendleko zokulondolozwa ezinxulumene nokuthwala ukutshintshwa, singasathethi ke ngeendleko eziphezulu ixesha lokuphumla kwindawo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zokumisa i-shaft kushishino namhlanje, njengeebhrashi zekhabhoni, iibrashi zefiber-style ring kunye ne-grounding bearing isolator, kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela iibheringi ziyafumaneka.

Iibrashi zekhabhoni zisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-100 kwaye ziyafana neebhrashi zekhabhoni ezisetyenziswa kwi-DC motor commutators.Iibhulashi ezisezantsi zinika uxhulumaniso lombane phakathi kweenxalenye ezijikelezayo kunye nezimileyo zesekethe yombane yemoto kwaye ithathe i-current kwi-rotor ukuya emhlabeni ukwenzela ukuba intlawulo ingakhi kwi-rotor ukuya kwindawo apho ikhupha khona ngeebheringi.Iibhrashi zomhlaba zibonelela ngeendlela ezisebenzisekayo kunye nezoqoqosho zokubonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokuthintela ukuya emhlabeni, ngakumbi kwiinjini ezinkulu zefreyimu;nangona kunjalo, abanazo iingxaki zabo.Njengeemoto ze-DC, iibrashi zixhomekeke ekunxibeni ngenxa yoqhagamshelwano lomatshini kunye ne-shaft, kwaye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi idizayini yesibambi sebrashi, indibano kufuneka ihlolwe ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kweebrashi kunye ne-shaft.

Amakhonkco okumisa i-shaft asebenza njengebhrashi yekhabhoni, kodwa anemicu emininzi yemicu esebenza ngombane ecwangciswe ngaphakathi kwesangqa esijikeleze ishafti.Umphandle weringi, oqhele ukunyuselwa kwi-endplate yemoto, uhlala umile, ngelixa iibhrashi zikhwela kumphezulu we-motor shaft, zilawula umsinga ngeebrashi kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni.Amakhonkco okumisa i-shaft anokufakwa ngaphakathi kwi-motor, evumela ukuba isetyenziswe kumsebenzi wokuhlamba kunye neenjini ezingcolileyo.Akukho ndlela yokumisa i-shaft igqibelele, nangona kunjalo, amakhonkco asezantsi afakwe ngaphandle avame ukuqokelela ukungcola kwi-bristles yabo, enokunciphisa ukusebenza kwabo.

I-isolators ethwele i-Grounding idibanisa iiteknoloji ezimbini: i-inxalenye ebini, i-non-contact i-selation shield esebenzisa i-labyrinth design ukuthintela ukungena kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunye ne-rotor ye-metallic kunye ne-filament filament ring yodwa ukuphambukisa imisinga ye-shaft kude neebheringi.Kuba ezi zixhobo zikwanqanda ilahleko ye-lubricant kunye nokungcoliseka, zithatha indawo yezitywina ezisemgangathweni kunye nezahlulo zemveli.

Enye indlela yokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngokusebenzisa iibheringi kukuvelisa iibheringi ezivela kwizinto ezingaqhubekiyo.Kwiibheringi ze-ceramic, iibhola ezigqunywe nge-ceramic zikhusela iibheringi ngokuthintela i-shaft yangoku ukuba ihambe ngeebheringi ukuya kwi-motor.Ekubeni kungekho msinga wombane ohamba ngeebheringi zeemoto, kukho ithuba elincinci lokunxiba okwenziwe ngoku;nangona kunjalo, umsinga uya kufuna indlela eya emhlabeni, oko kuthetha ukuba iya kudlula izixhobo eziqhotyoshelweyo.Ekubeni iibheringi ze-ceramic aziyi kususa i-current kwi-rotor, kuphela izicelo ezichanekileyo zokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo ziyacetyiswa kwiimoto ezineebheringi ze-ceramic.Ezinye izithintelo ziindleko zolu hlobo lokuthwala imoto kunye nenyaniso yokuba iibheringi zihlala zifumaneka kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwisayizi ye-6311.

Kwiimoto ezingaphezulu kwe-100 lamandla eenjini, kuyacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba kufakwe i-bearings egqunyiweyo kwelinye icala lemoto apho kufakwe isixhobo sokumisa i-shaft, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yokumisa i-shaft esetyenziswayo.

Iingcebiso ezintathu zokufakela isantya sokuqhuba

Iingqwalasela ezintathu zenjineli yogcino xa izama ukunciphisa amandla ombane wemowudi eqhelekileyo kwizicelo eziguquguqukayo zesantya zezi:

1. Qinisekisa ukuba i-motor (kunye ne-motor system) isekelwe ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Qinisekisa ibhalansi yefrikhwensi efanelekileyo yomphathi, eya kunciphisa amanqanaba engxolo kunye nokungalingani kwamandla ombane.
3. Ukuba isixhobo sokumisa i-shaft sibonwa siyimfuneko, khetha esinye esisebenza ngcono kwisicelo.

Xa umsinga okhoyo ukhoyo, akukho bukhulu bufana nqwa naso sonke isisombululo.Kubalulekile kumthengi kunye nemoto kunye nomqhubi wemoto ukuba basebenzisane ukuchonga esona sisombululo sifanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile.